在定语从句中,当先行词为 things(不定代词)时, 只能用that引导定语从句,而 不能使用which。以下是具体说明:
1. 关系代词的基本规则
that:可指代人或物,既可作主语也可作宾语,且可省略。
which:主要用于非限定性定语从句(需用逗号与主句分隔),指代物时通常可替换that。
2. 不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词(如all, much, everything等)时, 必须用that引导定语从句,而which不可用。
示例:
正确:
The company, whichhas been operating for over 100 years, is a leader in the industry.
错误:
The company, thathas been operating for over 100 years, is a leader in the industry. [错误原因:that不可用于介词后]
3. 特殊说明
that可省略:当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略。例如:
The book thatI borrowed from the library is fascinating.
which的替代情况:仅在非限定性定语从句且先行词为具体事物时使用,例如:
The movie whichyou watched last night was really good. [此处为非限定性定语从句]
总结
当先行词为 things时,定语从句的引导词必须为 that,且通常可省略。若需强调非限定性定语,可考虑重构句子结构,但需注意which的严格使用条件。