强调句与定语从句在英语语法中常被混淆,但两者在结构形式和功能上有本质区别。以下是具体分析:
一、结构特征对比
强调句 基本结构为:
$$\text{It is/was} + \text{被强调部分} + \text{that/who} + \text{其余部分}$$
例如:
- It was the teacher who
gave us the exam.
- It is my friend thatI call a genius.
定语从句
由关系词(如that, which, who等)引导,修饰名词或代词,通常位于先行词之后。例如:
- The book thatI borrowed from the library is fascinating.
- The city wherewe met last summer is beautiful.
二、功能与用途区别
强调句
用于强调句子中的特定成分(如主语、宾语或状语),以突出语义重点。例如:
- Whowants to see you? → 强调“谁”
- Thatthe cat chased was very fast. → 强调“猫追赶的速度”。2. 定语从句
用于提供关于先行词的额外信息,属于句子的定语成分。例如:
- The movie thatwon the Oscar is my favorite. → 说明“电影”的属性。 三、判断方法
结构拆分: 将“It is/was ... that ...”结构中的“that”替换为其他连接词(如if, whether),若句子仍通顺,则为强调句;若不成立,则为定语从句。 例如: It was yesterday that
It is the house wherehe lives.
四、常见误区
省略问题:两者均可能省略关系词,但强调句的that/who不可省略,而定语从句的关系词在非限定性情况下可省略。- 混淆示例:
It was the song thatmoved me. [强调句]
It was the song whichmoved me. [定语从句]
通过以上对比,可以更清晰地区分强调句与定语从句。若需进一步练习,可尝试构造类似结构进行转换分析。