一、名词/代词+现在分词
表示主动或进行状态,例如:
The cat lay under the table, its eyes closed in sleep.(猫躺在桌子下,闭着眼睛睡觉)
The man lay there, his hands trembling.(那个男子躺着,手在颤抖)
二、名词/代词+过去分词
表示被动或完成状态,例如:
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.(工作未完成,我们看不到电影)
The shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.(衬衫卡在钉子上,她动弹不得)
三、名词/代词+不定式
表示目的或将来动作,例如:
The company was founded on the principle of "customer satisfaction".(公司创立以"客户满意"为原则)
The letter arrived, and I began to read it.(信到了,我开始读)
四、名词/代词+形容词/副词
说明性质或状态,例如:
The weather was very hot, and we took a break in the shade.(天气很热,我们在树荫下休息)
The meeting started on time, which surprised everyone.(会议准时开始,让每个人都感到惊讶)
五、名词/代词+介词短语
表示时间、地点或原因,例如:
With the meeting over, we celebrated all night.(会议结束后,我们庆祝了一整夜)
On arriving at the station, I realized I had forgotten my wallet.(到达车站时,我才发现忘记带钱包)
六、名词/代词+名词(同位语)
对名词进行补充说明,例如:
The problem with the project is the lack of resources.(项目的问题是资源不足)
The students, including both boys and girls, participated in the activity.(包括男生和女生在内的学生参加了活动)
七、独立主格+定语从句
例如:
The book on the shelf, which I borrowed last week, is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书很有趣)
The man sitting at the corner is my old friend.(角落里的那个人是我的老朋友)
八、独立主格+并列句
例如:
The meeting started while we were still discussing the plan.(我们还在讨论计划时,会议就开始了)
The movie was boring, and I fell asleep during the intermission.(电影很无聊,我在中场休息时睡着了)
注:部分结构中,如"名词+介词短语"需注意介词后是否需要加定冠词(a/an)或所有格(the)。独立主格结构中,分词与逻辑主语需保持主谓一致。