一、 动名词作主语

常见结构：

动名词（V-ing）+助动词/系动词

- Mary enjoys listening to classical music.

- Peter has finished doing his homework.

- The movie is moving.

扩展用法：

动名词作主语时，若结构较长，可用it作形式主语

- It’s no use waiting here.

- It’s no good writing to them again.

二、 动名词作谓语

基本结构：

主语+be动词+动名词

- The problem is causing much confusion.

- The task requires careful planning.

扩展用法：

动名词作谓语时，可接宾语或补足语

- The company is engaged in international trade.

- The song is worth listening to.

三、 动名词作宾语

直接宾语：

及物动词后接动名词

- I enjoy reading books in my free time.

- The project requires thorough research.

间接宾语：

双宾语结构中，动名词作直接宾语，代词作间接宾语

- She suggested that we start the meeting early.

- He made it clear that we must follow the rules.

四、 动名词作状语

时间状语：

表示动作发生的时间

- While waiting for the bus, I read a magazine.

- Before making a decision, we need to gather more information.

原因状语：

说明动作发生的原因

- Because of the heavy rain, the match was canceled.

- Due to the sudden storm, the flight was delayed.

五、 动名词作定语

The man with the red hat is my friend.

The book that you gave me is very interesting.

补充说明：动名词作主语时，需注意动词的逻辑主语。例如：

The problem of pollution is serious. （逻辑主语为the problem）

The idea of traveling abroad excites me. （逻辑主语为the idea）

通过以上分类，可更清晰地理解动名词在不同句型中的功能与用法。