专四虚拟语气的用法可分为以下几种情况,结合具体语境选择适用类型:
一、与现在事实相反
条件从句 :使用过去时态(be动词用were)例:If I were you, I would...(若我是你,我会...)
主句:
使用"would + 动词原形"
例:She would have finished her homework already.(她本来已经完成作业了)
二、与过去事实相反
条件从句:
使用过去完成时(had done)
例:If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.(如果我知道你要来,我就烤蛋糕了)
主句:
使用"would have + 过去分词"
例:The meeting would have been canceled if he hadn't arrived late.(他如果迟到,会议本来会被取消的)
三、与将来事实相反
条件从句:
使用过去时态(be动词用were)
例:If the project is successful, we will travel around the world.(如果项目成功,我们将环游世界)
主句:
使用"would + 动词原形"
例:She would have graduated with honors.(她本来会以优异成绩毕业的)
四、特殊用法
虚拟语气作宾语从句
表示"建议/命令/要求"时,从句用虚拟语气
例:
The manager suggested that we reduce costs.(经理建议我们降低成本)
The teacher required that the students finish the homework on time.(老师要求学生按时完成作业)
省略if的倒装结构
从句中有were, had, should时,可省略if并倒装
例:
Had the meeting started already, we would have left.(会议如果已经开始,我们就离开了)
与现在事实相反的省略if结构
例:
If only the weather were warmer!(要是天气更暖和就好了)
五、情态动词与虚拟语气
含情态动词的虚拟条件句: 表示建议: It is advisable that you...(你...是明智的) 表示必要性: It is necessary that you...(你...是必要的) 六、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 主语从句 It is essential that...(...是必要的) 表语从句
The problem is that...(问题在于...)
通过以上分类和示例,可系统掌握专四虚拟语气的用法。需注意区分真实条件句(与现在/过去/将来事实一致)与非真实条件句(需用虚拟语气)。