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英语八大时态

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英语八大时态是语法学习的核心内容,以下是综合整理的详细说明:

一、一般现在时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数加-s)

- 否定句:主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形

- 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形

- 缩写形式:don't = do not, doesn't = does not

用法

- 表示经常性、习惯性动作(如:She often speaks English.)

- 表示现在的状态(如:He is a teacher.)

- 表示客观事实(如:Shanghai lies in the east of China.)

二、一般过去时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式(如:He played football yesterday.)

- 否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形

- 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形

- 示例:

- 现在完成时:He has finished his homework.

用法

- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作(如:I watched a movie last night.)

- 表示过去习惯性动作(如:She always wore a scarf in winter.)

三、现在进行时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词(如:They are reading a book.)

- 否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + 动词现在分词

- 疑问句:Are/Is + 主语 + 动词现在分词

- 示例:

- 将来完成时:She will have finished her project by tomorrow.

用法

- 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(如:He is writing a letter.)

- 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作(如:We were studying when the phone rang.)

四、过去进行时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(如:They were dancing at the party.)

- 否定句:主语 + was/were not + 动词现在分词

- 疑问句:Were/Was + 主语 + 动词现在分词

- 示例:

- 现在完成时:He has seen that movie six times.

用法

- 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作(如:She was eating dinner when I called.)

- 与过去完成时连用表示“过去过去”(如:He had finished his homework before the movie started.)

五、现在完成时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词(如:They have finished their homework.)

- 否定句:主语 + have/has not + 过去分词

- 疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词

- 示例:

- 自然完成时:The cake has been baked for 30 minutes.

用法

- 表示持续到现在的动作(如:He has lived here for five years.)

- 强调过去动作对现在的影响(如:I have learned Spanish because of my trip.)

- 与时间状语连用:

- since + 时间点:I have lived here since 2018.

- for + 时间段:We have known each other for 10 years.

六、过去完成时

结构

- 肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词(如:She had finished her project before the meeting.)

- 否定句:主语 + had not + 过去分词

- 疑问句: